Old French Dictionary (R-Z)
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This glossary (R-Z) can provide a valuable reference for French words in general use during the 15th century. It also includes words from other European languages as well, such as Latin and Greek, that heavily influenced the French language at the time. This dictionary may also explore the derivation of certain words or phrases in order to further clarify their meaning. The French language has undergone many changes over the last 500 years, mostly due to alterations in lifestyles, and improvements in technology. All this must be taken into account when attempting to translate Old French prophecies like those of Nostradamus.
Rabaissera - (O.F. v. fut.) will reduce, diminish, cut off
Rabieuse - (L. a.) rabid, raving, raging, mad
Ralie - (O.F. v.) rally
Rameau - (O.F. n.) branch, branching out
Rameaux - (O.F. n.) branch, branches
Ranger - (O.F. v.) to place in order, marshall, utilize, control
Rapine - (O.F. n.) violence
Rapis - (O.F. n.) Paris (anagram)
Rasee - (O.F. a.) shaved, clean shaven, razed
Ravoir - (O.F. v.) regain, take back, recover
Raze - (F. n.) raze, raid, ruin
Reb - (O.F. n.) rebel, rebellious king, antichrist
Rebeller - (O.F. n.) rebellion
Rebours - (O.F. p.) reversed
Receu - (F. p.) received, accepted, greeted
Recouvree - (O.F. v.) recovered
Reduict - (F. a.) changed, also: reduced, rebuilt, restored
Refusera - (O.F. v. fut.) will refuse
Rege - (O.F. n.) the regal one, ruler, master
Regne
- (O.F. n.) reign, kingdom, nation, realm
source: Randall Cotgrave's 1611 Old French Dictionary
Regner - (F. v.) reign
Regret - (F. n.) regret, sorrow
Rempli - (O.F. a.) repleted, restored, replenished, made new
Rencontre - (O.F. v.) encounter
Rendre - (O.F. v.) render, undertake, commit
Renomme - (O.F. n.) renown, position, fame, power
Renoue - (F. a.) renewed
Repentir - (O.F. p.) repenting, grieving
Repentiras - (O.F. a.) unaware
Repose - (O.F. v.) resting
Reprouve - (O.F. a.) reproved, condemned
Republique - (O.F. n.) republic
Respiral - (O.F. a.) breath, breathing, resting
Ressusciter - (F. v.) ressusitate, resurrect
Retour - (O.F. v.) return
Reveindra - (O.F. v. fut.) will return
Reveue - (O.F. n.) review, military review of troops
Revolu - (O.F. a.) revolved, accomplished, elapsed
Rhin - (O.F. n.) Rhine
Rien
- (F. n.) nil, no one, nothing
source: Randall Cotgrave's 1611 Old French Dictionary
Rigueur - (O.F. n.) rigor, hardship, austerity
Rivera - (O.F. n.) the Spanish leader - Primo de Rivera
Rite/Rit - (O.F. n.) ancient rite
Robe - (O.F. n.) robe, coat
Rochat - (O.F. n.) Prelate
Rochiers - (O.F. n.) rock-monoliths
Rocs/Rocz - (O.F. n. plur.) rock structures, stone buildings
Roi - (O.F. n.) Leader, Prime Minister, President, Chairman, etc.
Roigneux - (O.F. a.) imperfect, sickly
Romain - (O.F. n.) Roman, Italian
Romone - (O.F. n.) Rome
Ronde - (F. a.) round, around
Rose - (O.F. n.f.) rose, flower
Rosne - (O.F. n.f.) a great river, Rhone, Rhine, Danube
Rouge - (O.F. n.) red, Reds, Socialists, Antichristians, Ottomans.
Rougir
- (O.F. v.) to make red, redden
note: from Latin/Castillian/Spanish "gire/gira" - turn, gyrate
note: rou-gira (round-gyrate) (fut.) - will spin-around, will turn-around
Rougira
- (L. v. fut.) will spin-around
note: from Latin/Castillian/Spanish "gire/gira" - turn, gyrate
note: rou-gira (round-gyrate) (fut.) - will spin-around, will turn-around
Rouler - (O.F. v.) catalogue, record
Roustir - (O.F. p.) roasting
Roy - (O.F. n.) King (formal title)
Royne - (O.F. n.) Queen
Rude - (O.F. a.) rude
Ruine/Ruineux - (O.F. n.) ruin, damage
Ruinera - (O.F. v. fut.) will be ruined, will be damaged
Sa/Ses - (O.F. a. f. possessive) her, its
Saccager - (O.F. v.) sack, destroy
Sacer
- (O.F. n.) priest
note: ancient French "sacer" - sacred one, priest
Sacre - (F. a.) sacred, priestly, holy
Sacrifice - (O.F. n.) sacrifice, religious offering
Saignera - (O.F. v. fut.) will bleed
Saint/Sainct - (O.F. a.) saint, sainted, holy
Saisi/Saisiz - (O.F. v.) seize, seized
Samarobryn - (O.F. v.) pouring, gushing all over
Sang - (O.F. n.) blood
Sanguin - (O.F. a.) bloody, ruddy, a hearty celebration
Sans - (O.F. p.) without
Sante - (F. n.) health, wellness
Sardaigne - (O.F. n.) Sardinia
Satrapie - (O.F. n.) satrap, tyrannical government
Sauts - (O.F. n. plur) great leaps, accomplishments
Sauve - (O.F. a.) wild, savage
Sceleste - (O.F. n.) criminal, villain
Sceptre - (O.F. n.) scepter, law, authority
Scisme - (O.F. n.) schism
Se - (O.F. p.) oneself, they, themselves, etc.
Secours - (O.F. n.) help
Seconde - (F. a.) second
Secret - (O.F. a.) secret, hidden
Secte - (O.F. n.) sect
Seduicts - (O.F. v.) seduce, deceive
Seduira - (O.F. v. fut.) will seduce
Seicher - (O.F. v.) drying up, withering away, wasting away
Seing - (O.F. n.) sign, signature
Sel - (O.F. n.) salt, money
Selin - (O.F. n.) Sultan (Selim)
Seline - (O.F. n.) Adriatic
Selle - (O.F. n.) stool, footstool
Senat - (O.F. n.) Senate, Parliament
Senestre - (O.F. a.) evil, sinister
Sept - (O.F. a.) seven, seventh
Sept/Septaine - (O.F. n.) in 7th heaven, beyond the bounds or limits
Septante - (O.F. a.) seventy
Sera/Seront - (O.F. v.) there is/there will be, to make, cause, or create
Serrez - (O.F. a.) squeezed, enclosed, confined
Ses - (O.F. p.) their
Seur - (O.F. v. fut.) one will, they shall
Seul - (O.F. a.) alone, independent
Sex/Sext - (O.F. a.) six, sixth, Pope Sixtus V
Si - (O.F. p.) so, such
Sicile - (O.F. n.) Sicily
Siecle
- (O.F. n.) cycle, age, a period of time
source: Randall Cotgrave's 1611 Old French Dictionary
Siege - (O.F. n.) royal seat, holy seat
Sien - (O.F. p.) alone, on his own
Signe - (O.F. n.) a sign, mark, insignia, the Christian cross
Signez - (O.F. n. plur.) signals, signs, signed, marked
Simple - (O.F. a.) simple, lowly, innocent
Singulier - (O.F. a.) singular
Six - (O.F. a.) six
Soeur - (O.F. n.f.) sister
Soif - (O.F. n.) thirst
Soilard - (O.F. n.) "soiled-one", a housekeeper or washperson
Soldat - (O.F. n.) soldier
Solitude - (O.F. n.) peace, quiet, solitude
Soleil/Sol - (O.F. n.) sun, brightness, purity
Soluz - (O.F. a.) alone, solitary, separate
Son - (F. a. possessive) his, her, its
Sordide - (O.F. a.) sordid, mean, antagonous, vile
Sort - (O.F. n.) lottery, lot, chance
Sortant - (O.F. p.) out of, out from
Sortira - (O.F. v. fut.) will leave, will depart
Soubz/Soulz - (O.F. a.) hidden, secret, subtle
Soupire - (O.F. v.) to sigh, gasp
Sous/Souz - (O.F. a.) under
Sousten - (O.F. v.) sustain, support
Suave - (O.F. a.) sweet, subtle, elusive
Subit - (O.F. a.) sudden
Subjugant - (O.F. v. fut.) will capture, take, subjugate
Submerge - (O.F. a.) submerged
Subrogee - (O.F. p.) subrogated
Succedera - (O.F. v. fut.) will succeed
Successeur - (O.F. n.) successor
Succumbera - (O.F. v. fut.) will succumb
Suffocque - (O.F. v.) suffocate, choke, strangle, bring to an end
Suitte - (O.F. n.) chase, pursuit
Suivre/Suyvre - (O.F. v.) follow
Sunto - (O.F. v.) go away, stay away
Superstile - (O.F. v.) overcome, forgotten, forgiven
Sur/Surle - (O.F. p.) over, by way of, on top of
Surmontera - (F. v. fut.) will defeat, overcome
Surnom - (O.F. n.) surname
Surprendra - (O.F. v. fut.) will surprise, will beguile
Surprins - (O.F. n.) surprise
Surrez - (F. v.) assurred
Sus - (O.F. p.) on, on top of
Suscitees
- (O.F. v.) resusitate, rise again
note: from French "susciter" - resusitate
Suspect - (O.F. a.) suspected, mistrusted
Suspendue - (F. p.) suspended
Syree - (O.F. n.) Syria
Ta/Tes/Ton - (O.F. a.) your, thy
Taintz - (F. p.) tainted by, mixed with
Tant - (O.F. a.) so much, so long
Tard - (O.F. a.) late, so late, too late
Taurer - (O.F. n.) a papal bull
Taurus - (O.F. n.) Taurus, bull
Teccon - (O.F. n.) wise fox, craftsman
Tel/Telle - (O.F. a.) like, so, such (fem.)
Temerite - (F. n.) hastiness, foolhardiness
Temp/Temps - (O.F. n.) time, times
Tempre - (O.F. a.) tempered
Tenu
- (O.F. v. past.) held
note: from French "tenir, tiendra" - take, hold, confine
Terme - (O.F. n.) term
Terre/Terra - (O.F. n.f.) earth, ground, land, island, mainland, etc.
Terrestre - (O.F. a.) terrestrial, land-going
Territoire - (O.F. a.) territory, land
Tesmoins - (O.F. v.) testify, witness
Teste - (F. n.) head, brain, thinking, cleverness
Theatre - (O.F. n.) theater
Thuille - (O.F. n.) tiles, thuileries (tileworks), Tuileries Palace
Thuse - (O.F. n.) tube
Tiens - (O.F. p.) yours, thine
Tiendra
- (O.F. v. fut.) will hold, will take, will take account of, etc..
note: from French "tenir, tiendra" - take, hold, keep, esteem, take account of
Tiers - (O.F. a.) third, the Third Order (Dominicans)
Tiltre
- (O.F. v.) tittle, to go back, to complete, to avenge
note: Old French "tiltre" - "a brace of dogs layed
in a place to let slip at a deer as he passeth by"
source: Randall Cotgrave's 1611 Old French Dictionary
Ton - (O.F. p.) your, their, thine
Tosquan - (O.F. n.) Tuscan
Tost - (O.F. a.) quickly, suddenly
Tour - (O.F. n.f.) towers
Tournera - (O.F. v. fut.) will return
Tous - (O.F. a.) all, totally, entirely, completely
Tout - (O.F. n.) all, the whole, all things, everything
Toy - (O.F. p.) you, thee
Tradiment - (O.F. n.) treachery
Trahir - (O.F. v.) betray, deceive, commit a traitorous act
Tranche - (O.F. v.) trenching, slicing, cutting, sectioning
Tranner
- (O.F. v.) swim across, cross over
note: from Latin "trano, tranner" - to swim accross
Tranquil - (O.F. n.) tranquility
Translate - (O.F. v.) translate, reduce, displace
Trappe - (O.F. n.) a great troop, an army
Treisner
- (F. n.) a difficult trek, movement, or assault
note: from Old French "traisner" - to move with great difficulty, drag
Tres - (O.F. a.) much, most, very
Trembler - (O.F. v.) tremble
Trestous - (O.F. a.) each and every one
Tributaire - (O.F. n.) tributary, province, those paying tribute or taxes
Triumphe/Triomphe - (O.F. n.) triumph
Trois - (O.F. a.) three
Trompette - (O.F. n.) trumpet
Trop - (O.F. a.) much, too much
Trou - (O.F. n.) peep-hole, spy glass
Trouble - (O.F. n.) trouble, confusion
Troupe - (O.F. n.) many, a company of people
Trouve/Trouver - (O.F. v.) find, discover, prove, reveal
Trucider - (O.F. v.) to kill in revenge
Tu - (O.F. a.) wholly, entirely, totally, completely
Tuer - (O.F. v.) murder, kill
Tumbera - (O.F. v. fut.) will tumble, will fall
Tunis - (F. n.) Tunis
Tyrans - (O.F. n.) violence, tyranny
Tyrannie - (O.F. n.) tyranny, tyrannous rule
Umbre - (O.F. n.) shadow
Un/Une - (L. a. p.) one, an
Unde - (L. p.) coming from, issuing forth, flowing
Unic/Unique - (L. a.) unique
Unis - (F. a.) united, joined, allied, aided
Vague - (O.F. n. plur.) waves
Vaguera - (O.F. v. fut.) will wander
Vaillant - (O.F. a.) forceful, valiant, daring
Vain - (O.F. p.) in vain
Vaincra - (O.F. v. fut.) will conquer, will vanquish
Vaincue - (O.F. p.) vanquished
Vapir - (O.F. n.) vapor, mist, a mental conception
Vastant - (O.F. v. fut.) will lay waste, destroy
Vaste - (O.F. a.) great, immense, vast
Vaultorte - (O.F. a.) alternate, indirect
Vendu - (O.F. n.) sell, price, cost
Vengeance - (O.F. n.) vengeance
Venger - (O.F. v.) to avenge, take vengeance
Venin - (F. n.) bitterness
Venise/Venus - (O.F. n.) Venus, Venice, Kingdom of Italy
Vent - (O.F. n.) wind, winded, harsh words
Ventre - (O.F. n.) belly, womb
Venu/Venuz - (O.F. v.) arrive, arrived
Verb - (O.F. n.) word, Holy Word
Verifique - (O.F. n.) confirmation, verification, creation
Verra/Verront - (O.F. v. fut.) will see
Verrez - (F. p.) changes, changing
Vers - (O.F. a.) nearby, around, in the presence of, etc..
Verser - (O.F. v.) pour, spill
Versus - (L. n.) poetry, verses
Vertueux - (O.F. n.) virtue, vertuous
Vestule - (O.F. n.) maiden, virgin, young girl
Veufve - (O.F. a.) abandoned, left, widowed
Vexer - (O.F. a.) vexing, confusing
Victeur - (O.F. n.) victor, victorious one
Victoire - (O.F. n.) victory, success
Vie - (O.F. n.) life
Viendra
- (O.F. v. fut.) will come, will become, will come to
note: from French "venir" - to come
Vierge
- (O.F. a.) pure, virgin
note: ancient French "verge" - truthful, pure
Vieux - (F. a.) old, aged, elder
Vif - (O.F. a.) quick, instantaneous
Vilain - (O.F. n.) villain
Vin - (O.F. n.) wine, food
Vint/Vingt - (O.F. a.) twenty
Vis-a-Vis - (O.F. a.) opposite, face-to-face
Visage - (O.F. p.) seen
Vitupere - (O.F. n.) shame, reprehense
Vivre - (O.F. v.) live, survive
Vivront - (O.F. v. fut.) (he, she, it, they) will live
Voguera - (O.F. v., fut.) will invoke, will pray to
Voix - (O.F. n.) voice, sound, utterance, spoken of
Voluptueux - (O.F. a.) voluptuous, immaculate
Voudront/Vouldrant - (O.F. v. fut.) will want, will wish, will desire
Vouloir - (O.F. p.) wanting, wishing, desiring
Voyage - (F. n.) voyage, trip, journey
Vueille - (O.F. p.) wishing, wanting
Vulgas - (O.F. a.) vulgar
Yeux
- (O.F. n.) eye
note: another form of French "oeil" - eye
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The above glossary (R-Z) lists specific references to many Old French words that were in general use during the 15th century in France. Its references may also be found in modern French dictionaries such as Cassell's French Dictionary (hardcover edition) and other older texts. The Old French word definitions may often be found under the classical "class." or figurative "fig." definitions. If you can't find the appropriate definition in the French section of the dictionary, try doing a reverse look-up in the English section of the same dictionary. The 15th century Old French language made heavy use of both Latin and Greek words. These Latin and Greek word definitions can be verified by researching the appropriate Latin or Greek dictionaries. These definitions can also sometimes be found in old Bible manuscripts. The Bible writer Paul of Tarsus wrote in the Greek language. Some word definitions have survived almost completely intact into modern times, and can be located by simply typing them into an Internet search engine. If you would like to learn more about the writings of the classical prophets, and how their prophecies may have related to events of the future, please click on the link below and order your copy of Edward Oliver's amazing 350-page book, "Prophets and Frauds."
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