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This glossary (D-F) can provide a valuable reference for French words in general use during the 15th century. It also includes words from other European languages as well, such as Latin and Greek, that heavily influenced the French language of the era. This dictionary may also explore the derivation of certain words or phrases in order to further clarify their meaning. The French language has undergone many changes over the last 500 years, mostly due to alterations in lifestyles, and improvements in technology. All this must be taken into account when attempting to translate Old French prophecies like those of Nostradamus.
Dama
- (O.F. n.) deer
note: from Old French "dama, daima" - deer
Dame - (O.F. n.f.) lady, a bustling city
Dans - (O.F. p.) in, through, within, etc..
Daulphin/Dauffois - (O.F. n.) Dauphine
Daurade - (O.F. a.) (d'aurade, d'orade) golden, of St. Peter
De - (O.F. p.) of, for, to, at, out of, etc..
Debeller - (O.F. v.t.) conquer, overcome
Dedans - (O.F. p.) in, within
Defaillir - (O.F. n.) weariness, hopelessness, despair
Deffrayeur
- (O.F. a.) powerful, awesome, of frightening power
note: from French "frayeur" - fright
Defouldat - (O.F. p.) treading upon, stamping down
Dela - (O.F. p.) beyond, on the other side of, etc..
Delivrance - (O.F. p.) delivered
Demi-Dieu - (O.F. n.) demi-God
Determine - (O.F. a.) determined, resolved, concluded, ended
Des - (O.F. p.) to, of, from, from this, since this, etc..
Deschassee - (O.F. p.) chased out, chased off, chased away
Descouverte - (O.F. v.i.) discovered, uncovered, revealed
Descroissance - (O.F. v.i.) dry up, disappear
Desjoinct - (O.F. a.) broken apart, in pieces
Desloyal - (O.F. a.) disloyal
Desnier - (O.F. p.) denying
Despendre - (O.F. v.t.) expend, waste, squander
Desrobe - (O.F. a.) exposed, vulnerable
Dessus - (O.F. p.) condemn, pass judgement upon
Destorner - (O.F. a.) altered, twisted, distorted
Deux - (F. a.) two
Devant - (O.F., p.) before, in advance of, etc..
Dieu/Dieux - (O.F. n.) God, god, the gods
Diminue - (O.F. v.i.) diminish, shrink
Dira/Diront - (O.F. v.i., fut.) will talk, will say, will speak
Discorde - (O.F. n.) discord, turmoil
Dishonore
- (O.F. a.) dishonored, shamed
note: from French "deshonore" - dishonor
Divin - (O.F. a.) divine
Divorce - (O.F. n.) divorce
Dix - (O.F. a.) ten
Dixhuict - (O.F. a.) eighteen, eighteenth
Dogmion - (O.F. n.) religious dogma
Doit - (O.F. n.) debt
Domestique - (O.F. a.) tame, domesticated
Donra - (O.F. v.i. fut.) will be shown to be, will occur,
D'or - (O.F. a.) of gold, golden
Dormans - (O.F. a.) sleeping, dormant
Double - (O.F. a.) double, two
Douce - (O.F. a.) good, sweet
Doute - (O.F. n.) doubt, confusion
Dresse - (O.F. a.) set right, set up
Droit/Droict - (O.F. n.) jurisdiction, legal domain
Du - (O.F. p.) of, in, etc..
Duc - (O.F. n.) Duke, Dutchy
D'un - (O.F. a.) the one, of one
Duelle - (O.F. n.m.) duel
Durance
- (O.F. a.) enduring, lasting
note: from French "durer" - to endure
Duumverat - (F. n.) a union, combination, coalition,
Eage - (O.F. n.) era, age
Eau/Eaux - (O.F. n.f.) water, good things, gain, booty
Edit - (O.F. n.) edict, royal edict
Effainct - (O.F. n.) rebuff, opposition, rebuttle, etc.
Effrayeur/Effroy - (O.F. a.) frightening, fearful, awesome
Eglise - (O.F. n.) church, eclesiastic
Egypte - (O.F. n.f.) Egypt
Electeur - (O.F. n.) inheritor, the elect
Election - (O.F. n.) election
Emmenees - (O.F. n. plur.) takings, capturings
Empereur - (O.F. n.) emperor
Empire - (O.F. n.) empire
En - (F. p.) in, on, at, etc..
Encontre - (O.F. p.) against, contrary to
Enfant - (O.F. n.) baby, infant, child
Enferrez
- (O.F. a.) shackled, confined
source: Randall Cotgrave's 1611 Old French Dictionary
Engaige - (O.F. p.) engaging
Ennemi - (O.F. n.) foe, enemy
Enno-sigee
- (L. n.) enormous-promontories, ensigns, standing silent
note: prefix "Enno" - large, enormous, "sigee" - promontories
note: Greek "sigee (sigao)" - standing silent, watching
Latin "sigeum" - a promontory
note: Examples of famous Ennosigee include the Roman God Neptune
standing silent watching over sailors at sea, and the modern
Statue of Liberty, standing silently over New York Harbor
Ensemble - (O.F. v.i.) assemble, gather together
Entendre - (O.F. v.i.) intend
Entre - (O.F. p.) between, amongst, together, etc..
Entree
- (O.F. n.) entry, gate, entrance
note: from French "entrer" - enter
Envie - (O.F. n.) envy
Envoyer - (O.F. v.t.) to send
Esclandre - (O.F. n.) exclamation, clamor, tumult
Escriture - (O.F. n.) inscription
Escunder - (O.F. a.) asunder, apart
Esleu
- (O.F. a.) elected
source: Randall Cotgrave's 1611 French Dictionary
Esloigne - (O.F. a.) aligned
Esperons - (O.F. v.t.) to experience, to be affected by, to expect
Espoir - (O.F. v.i.) hoping, praying, trusting in
Esponge - (O.F. v.t.) esponge, absorb
Espoventable - (O.F. a.) dreadful, terrible, frightful
Esprit - (O.F. n.) spirit, soul, ghost
Esprouve - (O.F. v.i.) approved, examined, reviewed
Estade - (O.F. n.) stadia
Estat - (O.F. n.) status, condition
Estant - (O.F. v.i.) being, existing
Esto/Estre
- (O.F. v.i.) is, to be, must be, etc.
note: from French "est" - (present indicative of) "etre"
Estoc - (O.F. n.) a small sword, blade, knife, dagger
Estoite - (O.F. p.) fated, blessed, starrie, destined for high position
Estrange - (O.F. a.) estranged, separated
Estrangiers - (O.F. n. "of strangers") alien, foreign
Estude - (O.F. n.) study, loft
Et - (O.F. p.) and
Eternite - (O.F. n.) eternity
Exces - (O.F. n.) excess
Excroissance - (O.F. n.) excrescence, ejecta
Exempt - (O.F. p.) exempt from, without, etc..
Exigue - (O.F. v.i.) to empty out, escape, leap from
Exploict - (O.F. a.) exploratory
Facet
- (L. v.i.) to do easily
note: from Latin "facesso" - to do eagerly
Faillir - (O.F. p.) failing, slipping, sliding, falling, declining
Faim - (O.F. n.f.) intense suffering, hunger, anger, passion, desire
Faire - (F. n.) an act, or neccessary action
Faire - (F. v.t.) to make, to do
Fait/Faict - (O.F. n.) happening through fate, a fated act, deed, grant
Famine - (O.F. n.) famine
Farouches - (O.F. a.) fierce, ferocious
Faschee - (O.F. n.) fascist, fascism
Fascheux - (O.F. a.) grievous
Faulte - (O.F. n.f.) fault, faulted, wanted
Favorable - (O.F. a.) favorable
Felice - (O.F. n.) happiness, joy, ease, bliss, abundance
Femme - (O.F. n.) a woman, female, lady
Fer - (F. n.) iron, steel, sword
Fer/Fera/Feront
- (O.F. v.i. fut.) (he, she, it, there) will be, will make, will produce, will create
note: the French word "faire" - to make or create
Feste - (O.F. n.) festival, celebration
Feu/Feux - (F. a.) on fire, burning, aflame
Feut - (O.F. a.) stuffed, filled
Fez - (F. n.) Turkey, Turkish coast of Africa
Fils/Filz - (O.F. n.) son, boy
Fin/Finie - (O.F. n.) finish, end
Flambe - (O.F. n.) flame, light, torch
Flateurs - (O.F. n. plur.) flatterers
Fleaux - (O.F. n.) disaster, scourge, catastrophe
Fleur/Fleurir - (O.F. n.) flower, Fleur-de-Lis, bloom, luster, the papacy
Fleuve
- (O.F. n.) river, route, course
source: Cassell's French Dictionary ISBN# 0-02-522620-7
note: in 15th century Europe, rivers were the main route or "course" of travel
between major cities. Roads were poorly kept and often beset by robbers.
Florence - (O.F. n.f.) Florence
Foi/Foy - (F. n.) an act, act of faith
Fond - (F. v.t.) plow
Fondation - (O.F. a.) beginning, ending, wasting away
Force - (O.F. n.) force, forces, troops
Forme - (O.F. n.) shape, form
Fort - (O.F. n.) strength, power
Fortune - (F. n.) fortune, good luck
Fouldres
- (O.F. n. plur.) flames, lightning, a thunderbolt, a feared person
note: from French word "foudre" - lightning
Franco - (O.F. n.) Franco (Spanish dictator)
Frapper - (O.F. v.t.) strike, attack
Fraticider - (O.F. n.) a religious assassin
Frise - (O.F. n.f.) Holland, Belgium, Flanders
Fruict - (O. F. a.) fruit, fruitfulness
Frustrez - (O.F. n.) frustration, disappointment
Fuir - (O.F. n.) flight, escape
Fulgures - (L. n. plur.) lightning, flashes, explosions
Fureur - (O.F. n.) fury, furor
Fut/Futur - (O.F. n.) future
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The above glossary (D-F) lists specific references to many Old French words that were in general use during the 15th century in France. Its references may also be found in modern French dictionaries such as the Cassell's French Dictionary (hardcover edition) and other older texts. The Old French word definitions may often be found under classical "class." or figurative "fig." definitions. If you can't find the appropriate definition in the French section of the dictionary, try doing a reverse look-up in the English section of the same dictionary. The 15th century Old French language made heavy use of both Latin and Greek words. These Latin and Greek word definitions can be verified by researching the appropriate Latin or Greek dictionaries. These definitions can also sometimes be found in old Bible manuscripts. The Bible writer Paul of Tarsus wrote in the Greek language. Some word definitions have survived almost completely intact into modern times, and can be located by simply typing them into an Internet search engine. If you would like to learn more about the writings of the classical prophets, and how their prophecies may have related to events of the future, please click on the link below and order your copy of Edward Oliver's amazing 350-page book, "Prophets and Frauds."
Click here to order your copy of Edward Oliver's book, "Prophets and Frauds".